#17 Land. Lois Jasper Lloyd

#17 Land. 52 Ancestors in A Year

My ancestors all owned land.  Many families continued to own the land for several generations as it was inherited by heirs.  Some of the ancestors purchased their land, while others homesteaded.  

Why own land?  Owning land was a dream sought earlier generations since it gave them freedom to  earn their destiny.

There were many opportunities to own land in the United States.  But it was unusual for a woman (single or married) in the 1860’s to buy her land.

But that is exactly what my great great grandmother, Lois Jasper Lloyd did.  She had an amazing life, being born in 1841 in Kentucky, immigrating to Missouri and then traveling on the Oregon trail in 1854 when she was just 13 years old.  Marrying Albert Gallatin Lloyd in 1858, she moved to Walla Walla county, Washington in 1859 with a 2 month old baby, to a crude log house with a dirt floor and no windows.  But she had  brought garden seeds from her home in Oregon.  

Lois H. Lloyd-A young woman

Since Lois arrived too late to break ground into a garden, she used the dirt from gopher holes.  Gophers throw out dirt as they make their tunnels so next to their hole, is a pile of loose dirt.  Hard-working Lois, planted her seeds into that dirt.  I suspect that she probably had to haul water to those hills of dirt.  But her garden grew and she saved seeds for the next year’s crop.

From this meager start, Lois continued gardening, even raising a larger garden and selling produce to miners and others passing through.  Lois even darned socks for miners who would stay a night at their house, known as the “half-way house”.  She put that money in a little sugar bowl on the top shelf of her cupboard.  By1865 she had accumulated enough money to buy 120 acres of land east of her house.   A little later she sold one of her young mares in 1866 to buy another 40 acres adjoining her first purchase.  

The Patent for the 120 acres signed by President Abraham Lincoln

The Patent for 40 acres purchased in 1866, signed by President Andrew Johnson

Her husband, A. G. Lloyd, had purchased 160 acres and received the patent in 1865.  

Lois worked hard for her purchases but she had satisfaction knowing that it was hers alone.  Albert G. Lloyd died in 1915.  Lois continued to operated the farm with her sons until moving from the farm into Waitsburg.  Lois died in 1930.  She lived to see the land harvested by cradle and flail, reaper, binder, a header and thrasher and finally the combine harvester.  

#16 Air

#16. Air—Montana

Big Sky Country!  Montana!  Lots of air!

We all know how important AIR is to our life.  In Eastern Montana, we can see the air coming; meaning that we can see the horizon and immediately know what type of AIR is coming. Will it be a snow storm?  Will it be hail?  Will it be windy?  Will it rain?  Will it be hot and dry?  We learn by looking at clouds and wind direction. 

Thunder clouds are forming.

Looking for rain streaks or Hail streaks in the clouds

Heavy rain and hail headed our way!

By looking at the air, we anticipate what will happen.  Pioneers and our ancestors learned the important knowledge of what the air was going to do, long before we had a weather service giving us daily, hourly and radar reports.  Oh there were errors, many which cost lives; but respect for the air only multiplied.  

Red skies in morning-Sailors warning

Red skies at night-Sailors delight

Morning at the farm!

It is vital in our life and livelihood to know what the air is going to do.  Our daily life depends on what the air will do.  If it rains; we cancel brandings and seeding.  If it snows perhaps we are snowed in for days at time.  If cold weather comes, that means extra feed for the cows and if it is to be a prolonged snowy and windy storm, maybe feed cows enough to last several days.  If it is going to rain, hurry and plant crops.  If the air is coming from the east, we now that a storm will soon be here.

A very frosty cold morning at the farm!

Cows get more feed to help stay warm.

The color of the streaks in the cloud might indicate hail, rain or wind.  If hail, the rush to cover plants, put vehicles in sheds and then pray that the crops are not ruined.

Rain or hail streaks in clouds

Driving into a storm

Before the hail storm

After the hail storm and realizing the impact to the farm's crop.

Children raised on a farm or a ranch, know that when the weather report comes on the TV or the radio; they are to remain silent.  

#15 Fire--Old Farm Buildings-burning history

15-2020 Fire--Old Farm Buildings-52 Ancestors in a Year

Farmers often have old buildings on their property that are no longer used.  Often it is a granary or a chicken coop, a barn or even a house that sits in the way & collects weeds.  These old buildings are often used for storage of farm equipment but often their usefulness is lost due to the deteriorating condition of the buildings.  It is often too expensive to repair or fix up the buildings.  

In 1973, my husband’s family burnt the original buildings were my husband first lived.  They moved to his house about 1947.  This house was on the farm property that they rented, their first farm.

The First House

It was a 3 room house; living room, kitchen/dining room and bedroom.  The kitchen had a pitcher pump for water and finally water was piped into the house but no drain so his mother still had to empty buckets under the sinks. There was no bathroom, but there was an outhouse. The house was heated by central heat; an oil heater in the living room. And baths were taken in front of the heater, in a galvanized tub.

The granary, which had been a house at one time, had a room in front for storage while the back was the granary.

The granary

There was a barn, where milk cows were kept. The family also raised chickens and pigs. Cream was sold for money to buy groceries.

The barn is the middle building.

Leroy’s parents moved from this house about 1957.  The house was then used for migrant help in the summer.

So in 1973, it was time to remove the buildings.  The local fire department used the buildings for training.  

The fire removing history

For some reason, I took my camera to the burn.  I guess I thought it was necessary to document the house and buildings so we would remember them.  The pictures help remember the memories and the life.  

I don't know if there any pictures of the house when it was lived in.  Maybe someday I find them.  

Little did I know that I would be the family historian and would need these pictures for a blog!

#14-2020 Water

#14-2020 Water

In the arid west, water is vital for life.  Agriculture depends on water for livestock or growing crops.  A lot of the land does not have access to water and thus raises “dryland” crops, like wheat, durum or peas; the river bottoms depend on the irrigation water coming from the mountains.

Homesteaders knew the value of water as they built near a creek, river or spring.  The closer they were to the water, it was easier for the wife to pack buckets of water.  Having water piped into a house from a spring or well was a luxury!    

To attract homesteaders to the west, the Bureau of Reclamation began to create irrigation projects.  Congress in April of 1904 authorized the beginning of surveys of land along the Yellowstone and Big Horn Rivers.  The Huntley Project Irrigation District was authorized In April of 1905, by Secretary of the Interior, E. A. Hitchcock.  It became the 5th project authorized under that Act. Plans and specifications for construction of a canal and lateral system to service 35,000 acres were developed with a goal to deliver water for the 1907 season.

The Dredger used to dig the canal and laterals on the Huntley Project Irrigation District.

Lands for the Huntley Project were first opened homestead entry in 1907.  By 1910 there were 352 farm units compromised of 20,905 acres.  The farm units were to consist of 40 acres.  The Homesteaders had to repay a construction cost which could be paid back in annual installments.  It was soon discovered that 40 acres could not support a family.  Thus many farms were sold as other increased their holdings.  For many years farmers on Bureau of Reclamation projects were held to 160 acres, then 360, then 960 acres.  

Because of water, a variety of crops could be raised such as sugarbeets, corn, hay and wheat.

The creation of the canal, laterals and 40 acre fields, was well thought out and developed.  The water continues to this day (2020) to be delivered to fields via the plan developed in 1907.  The landowner continues to pay a charge for the water delivered to his property.  Since the Huntley Project system is a full service project, there are yearly costs for maintenance of the system. 

Delivery of water by laterals and ditches is very labor intensive.  During the spring, the crops are planted, cultivated and ditched.  Which means when the ground is workable, small ditches are created along each row of crops.  A ditcher is pulled behind a tractor, often the field must be ditched twice in order to make a firm ditch.  At the end, head ditches are pulled across for the delivery of the water and end ditches are pulled to drain the water.

A field that has been ditched.

And then the hard work begins as row ditches must be shoveled at the head ditch to make a good placement for the siphon tubes.  And end ditches must have cuts at various places to allow drainage.

Siphon tubes are used in each row, or every other row, placed at the head ditch.  Learning to fill a tube and siphon the water is a skill learned by all farm children.  There are various methods to fill the siphon tube; some submerge the tube and throw it over the ditch while others stand on the ditch and “pump” the tube to create a siphon.  

Since the land is very flat in many field, the drain water must be watched and water changed before drowning the end of the field.  Plants will drown with standing excess water which cuts off the oxygen to their roots.  And plants will “boil” if left standing in the water when the outside temperature gets hot.    Irrigating is a balancing act, especially when you have various field, size of fields, crops and slope to the field.  

Turning drylands, which have limited crops available to raise, into irrigated land increased the variety of crops available for the homesteader to grow. Not only was the homesteader able to provide for his family, he was able to produce crops for sale, thus increasing his income potential.  Thus irrigated land became more valuable than dry land.